Smoking e-cigarettes is now banned on public property. Citing a lack of information on the effects of non-tobacco based smoking products, Lloydminster City Council was quick to add e-cigarettes to its 2007 ban on smoking on city-owned land. Experts say that alternatives to smoking – such as e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and waterpipes – still contain nicotine, in addition to other chemicals, and can pose health risks. Because the products have only been on the market for the last decade, there is limited research.